Oil-burning heating system



Od. 16, 1928. ,l

W. B. EDDISON on. BURNING HEATING SYSTEM Filed July l0, 1925 5shee'tS-Sheet 1 INVENTOR AMA: aum. way/ lm ATroRNEY Oct. 16, .1928. `v l1,687,549

w. B. EDDlsoN y OIL BURNING HEATING SYSTEM AQ ATTORNEY 6 sheets-sheet, 3

NVENTQR i i BLAL Lu; ATORNEY Filed July 10 W. B. EDDISON OIL BURNINGHEATING SYSTEM /f lf /f/ f/ f /////n////// f Oct. 16, 1928.

6 Sheets-Sheet 4 W. B. EDDISON OIL BURNING HEATING'SYSTEM Filed July l0,1925 Oct, 1s, '1928.

E INVENTOR 'ATrQRNEY m W W 0 0 l f l l m 1 I f l l l a a l nl nl Oc't.16,1928. 1,687,549

w. B. EDDlsoN oIL BURNING HEATING SYSTEM F11-ed July 1o, 1925 v6Sheets'sheet 5 "www" ATTORNEY Oct. 16, 1928. N K 1,687,549

W. B. EDDISON OIL BURNING HEATING SYSTEM Filed July 10, 1923 6Sheets-Sheet 6 N v INVENT'QR WILLIAM BARTON "EDD'IsoN,

eAreNr oFFICE.

OIL-BURNING HEATING SYSTEM application med my This invention relates toheating systems and aims toprovide a safe and economical OiLburningheating system, and, in particular, one which is simple andself-regulating, and so Vadapted for use in heating dwelling houses:`

Other 'Jobjects 'and advantages. of the invention are' hereinafterexplained.

A heating system embodying the inven.

tion, in an approved form, comprises an oil burner, and a heat engine,operated by a .part of the heat generated in the burner, for

supplying fuel oil and uair to the burnerat rates bearing apredetermined ratio to each other'.

The system is intrinsically safe, for, since fuel is supplied vto theburner by -an engme operated by heat produced in `the burner, anaccidental stoppage of combustion in the burner necessarily stops thesupply of fuel to the burner.

The system is economical because the rates of fuel supply and-airsupply-are accurately proportioned so that complete combustion of thefuel is assured Withlt Athe waste involved air. v A further economyresults from the fact in heating large a unts of excess that the burneris operated continuously and that, as no natural draft is used, the

boiler is not cooled bya current of air during times of Aminimumcombustion in the burner.

While the invention in its broadest aspect` is not limited to the use ofa burner or other apparatus of any fparticular' construction,` an

important part o the inventionconsists in a nojvel form of burnerand-other novel apparatus which are of valueJ in providing, a

practical and eicient system embodying the invention. Such a system ofapparatus is illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

in which f Fig. 1 is a side elevation ofthe system As'howingthe furnacecasingand the crank case of the engine broken away;

Fig. 2 1s a top View of the system showing the' furnace casing section4on the line .50 ofthe mainburner'taken on the line 3-3 'of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is ahorizontal'section of the main 2-2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevation burner and the pilot burnertak@ on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.; Fig. '5 1s a top view -of the mainburner' 1923. semina. 650,572.

and the pilot burner, the mainV burner being partly sectioned onythe-line 5 -5 of Fig. 3; Fig. Gis an enlarged transverse section of theengine taken 'on the line 66of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged side view of the the cylinders 'pf the engine;taken oIr the line 8--8 of Fig. 2;

' Fig. 9 is al transverse section of the cylinrer of the engine taken onthe line 9-9 ofv` 1g.8;` l t Fig. 10 is a top @view of the heatAexchanger and cooler of the enginesectioned on the line`10-1O of Fig. 1;

Fig. 11 isa transverse section of the heat exchanger taken on the line11-11 of Fig.- 10; Fig. 12 is an enlargedsectionalelevation of. the fuelfeed pump sectioned on the line 12-12 of Fig. 14; i

Fig. 13 is a Jvertical section othe fuel feed vpump talen on the lline.13-13 of Fig. 14;

Fig. 14 is a horizontal section of the pump taken on the'li'ne 14-'14 ofFig. 13; and

Fig. 15 is afragmentary vertical section 85 on the line 15-15 of Fig. 4,showing the l second stage fuel and air supplytubes.

TheV heating system illustrated in the' i drawings includesheat-utilizing means, such as a vboiler 10, anroil burner 11 located ina closed fire ybox 12 underJtheboiler, a, hot

airengine 13 whichis operated by a part of the heat generated in theburner 11 and' drives 4posit-ive pumpingapparatus 14, and a blower 15,which supply fuel and air to the burner atv rates which Cbear apredetermined ratio to'each other.

The boiler '10, shown inthe drawings, is of a t e commonly used in househeating. to supp y steam or hot water. to radiators,- not'shown in thedrawings. The fire box 12 is completely closed except for the "openingsnecessary to admit the variouspip'es hereinafter mentioned. It followsthat-no air is j admitted toV vthe fire box or to the space described.

Proyision is made for several vdistinct stages" of combustion.' Thefirst sta vof -combustion is used continuously, Whi eVV the vother threestages are used'jwhen necessary les' within the boiler except such as issupplied,

tof-.the burner in the manner hereinatefn' of the body 23 and the flange24 contain central passages 26 and 27. A column 2 8 extends from the4bottom of the lower combustion space 30 through the passage 26 into theupper combustion space 32. An external flange 34 on the column28`cooperates with the flange 24 to provide a constricted passage 35between the vsecondary and tertiary combustion spaces, While a similarange 36 on the column cooperates with the flange 25 to form aconstricted outlet passage 37 for the tertiary combustion space 32.

The primary combustionspace 41 isfcontained in a body 40 lwhich issecured to the body/23. The primary combustion space 41 communicateswith the secondary combustion space -30 through a passage 42 extendingthrough the body 23 and entering the secondary combustion space 30 in atangential direction. The primary combustion space 41 has the form of ahorizontal cylindrical tunnel with a constricted outlet 43 at its innerend, and an inwardly tapering air inlet nozzle 44 at. its outer end. Theside wall 45 of the primary combustion space is approximatelycylindrical but tapers outwardly to some extent toward the outlet end ofthe space..

Fuel and air for the lirst stage of combustionin the burner 11 aresupplied to the i primary combustion space 41. The air-'is suppliedthrough'thelconduit 46 communieating with the nozzle 44.v Liquid fuelisv` supplied through a conduit 47 which enters the side wall 45 alittle to\ one side of 'the top so that the fuel drips or flows down.`the inside of the side wall 45. Y

The air, which is forced in through the nozzle 44, flows 'toward theoutlet 43 and also forms back eddy currents along the side-wall 45.These eddy currents iiow over the sheet of fuel which is dripping downthe wall `45H and vaporize and mix with the fuel. The greater part ofthe `fuel is burned in the combustion space 41 and the remainder of thefuel is vaporized and mixed with air in this space so that a flameissues from the opening 43 and extends into the passage 42.

Hot products of combustion pass through this passage 42 into the.secondary combustion space 30, heatingthe walls ofthis space, andespecially the portion 48 .of its side wall 31, which is directlyopposite the passage 42. A portion of the hotl products of combustionfrom the primary combustion space 41 passes vinto a passage 49 whichbranches from the passage 42 and communicates with la pi e 50. Thisportion ofthe products of com ustion is utilized to operate the hot airengine as hereinafter explained. In order that a portion of the hotproducts suflicient for`this purpose may pass into the passage 49, apartial obstruction 51 is placed in the passage 42 near its inner end.

Fuel and air for the second stage of combustion in the burner 11 aresupplied to the secondary combustion space 30. They enter through apassage 55 extending through the body 23, and entering the secondarycombustion space 30 in a tangential direction and at a point immediatelyadjacent to the portion 48 of the Wall 31 which is heated by the firststage of combustion. The air is supplied through a conduit 56 whichextends into the passage 55 and terminates in a tapered nozzle 57 nearthe inner end of this passage. Fuel is su plied through a pipe 58 whichenters the ody 23 within the air pipe 56 andv terminates in the opening59 of the nozzle 57. As best seen in Fig. 15, the end of the fuel pipe58 isV turned up so as to provide a horizontal upwardly-directed fueloutlet opening 60 located in the Vopening 59 of the air nozzle.

When the second stage of combustion is used, the air, which is suppliedthrough the pipe 56, passes rapidlythrough the opening 59 and picks upfuel which is Welling up in the opening 60. The fuel which 1s thus mixedwith the air is ignited when it strikes the heated portion 48 of thewall 31. Owing to the tangential arrangement of the pas*- sages 42 and55, the fuel and air which enter the combustion lspace 30 through thepassage 55 swirl about in thespace 30 and become thoroughly mixed. VTheconstricted outlet 35 o'f the secondary combustion `space tends toretain the fuel and air in this space until they are thoroughly mixed,and until a partial combustion has taken place'. As the result, hotproducts of combustion and flame pass from the'secondary combustionspace loo lll

30 into the tertiary combustion space 32 through the passage 35. The hotgases and llame are directed outwardly by the tertiary combustion spaceV32. They enter 35 place therein.

stage of combustion the combustion spaces. to which fuel is supplied areused to their, full capacity, witht-he single exception of Lampes i tionspace 32 in a tangential direction. The

air is supplied throughva pipe 63 terminatling in a nozzle 64,` and thefuel enters through a pipe 65l having at its end a horizontal dischargeopening 66 located ini the opening 67 of the air nozzle 64. The fuelpipe 65 communicates with two supply pipes .68. and 69, through each ofwhich fuel-may bev supplied ata predetermined rate. v

W'hen the vthird stage of combustion v'is used, alr is supplied throughthe pipe 63, and

, fuel is supplied to the pipe 65 throughthe pipe 6'8. Theair carriesthe fuel into the tertiary combustion space '32 Where the fuel i isignited by the hot side Wall 33.. The fuel and air swirl .about in thespace 32 and become thoroughly mixed. Partial combustion of the vfueltakes' place 'in the space '32 so that both hot products ofcombustionand flame pass out of the burner'to he'at the When the fourthistage ofcombustion is and additional air is 'supplied-through the pipev63. lTheresult isincreased combustion in the tertiarycombustion space 32 and`increased combustion above the burner.

The burner is veryv economicaol in operation because the rate atfwhichthe fuel' is supplied toeach `of the combustion spaces is soproportioned to the sizeof the space that .a complete vaporization ofthe fueltakes Furthermore, during each the tertiary combustion spaceduring the .third stage of combustion. It follows that.

when each combustion space. is in use, Vits vWalls are so heated bypthecombustion which occurs in it that rapid and efficient vaporization ofthe fuel" takes place;

Each stage of combustion supplies'heat for igniting the fuel. suppliedto the combustion space for the next `stage of combus;

. in the annular combustion spaces 30 and 32.V

tion so that, as the first stage of combustion is operated continuously,no ignition means is vnecessary to operate the burner atl any desiredlstage ofcombustion. Furthermore,

the staging of the combustion greatly facili tates accurateproportioning of -the fuel and .air supplied. I v l A further advantageof the burner which vhas been describedjlie's inthe fact Ythat it iscomparatively noiseless even when in full operation'. This I'- believeto be due to the thoroughness with*l which the fuel vapors and air aremixed by their swirling motion In order that vtheburner maybe operatedsuccessfully,- .means must be provided for, furnishing a continuoussupply of fuel and "entrance tothe hot cylinder 75, by means ofvheatingof the boiler 10.`

' vhave passed through the' heater 83 for fur- 'eds of the coil may be,connected to an! ort engine .may bef-used for this purpose, I have foundthat, for domestic use, a hot air'enn -gine is desirable because it iscapable of operating continuously over long periods without attention. l

The hot air engine 13 illustrated in the nawings is similar in principleto the wellknfownl Rider hot air engine. The relative sizeof the eiigine13, and its distance from the burner 11, are somewhat exaggerated in thedrawings', for the sake of clearness. The engine 13 differs' from theRider engine in that its hot cylinder and its cold cylinder 76are1located` with their axes at an angle' 'of about 100 so that theirpistons 77, 78 90 may be made to operate in properlytimed relation byconnecting them topa common lcrank 7 9.- -A further difference from the.Rider. engine consists in mounting both the Y cylinders on a closedcrank case 8U into which the main shaft 81 lof theengine'extends.

The air which surges back and forth bef tween the hotv and coldcylinders of the enginev through a .conduit 82 is heated, lon its aheater 83. This heaterf includes a closed casing 84 secured to the outerend of the hot cylin er'and containing' acylindrical baiie Q85 around*ywhich the air passes on entering the casing .84 through an opening 86with which'one endv of the'conduit 82 communicateS. An insulatedcasingl87 surrounds ,the ycasing 84 and provides a 4chamber 88 intowhich hot products of combustionfrom the primary combustion space 41 areled through i ll the pipe 50i Thispipe is covered with in` sulatingmaterial 53 to prevent vloss of heat. These gases, after circulatinaround thecasing 84, are led back into t e fire box 12 through a pipe89, so that an Aheat remaining in them may be utilize to'4 assist thel Afeature of the invention consists in* Vutilizing' heat remaining' in thegases which nishingA a supply 'of hotjwater. For this j purpose, acasing 97 is inserted in thepipe 89 and inthis casing' is a coil 98.through which water to be heated is circulated. The

dinary hot water storage tank,not.shown1in Athe drawings.

A heat exchanger 'in' the conduit 82 which connects thehot and coldylinders. the heat enchanger is` a roll or spiral 91 of, thin corrugatedsheet metal' which absorbs heat from thehot air and vgives up this heatto the cold air.

In order to enable the hotair engine to ,operate for long periodswithoutlattention,

it is provided with a force feed lubrication` system. A gear pump 93operated through a pinion 94 and a agear 95 from the main shaft 81 ofthe engine draws lubricating oilfrom the-bottom of the crank case 80 andforces4 it through oil. passages 96 into the bearings of the -mainshaft' and the bearings of,the,connecting rods, from which it drops fromthe reservoir 102 returns to the supply tank through a pipe 105. Theplunger rod 106 of the pump 101 enters the crank oase of the engine 13and is reciprocated by means of an eccentric 107, xed on a shaft 108which is driven from the main crank shaft 81 of the engine through thepinion 94 and the gear 95.

Four gear pumps 111, 112, 113, 114 having a common body 115 are locatedin the reservoir 102. The body 115 is spaced from the bottom of thereservoir "by feet 116.

Each of the four pumps includesa gear fixed on a vertical shaft 117which projects through the cover 118 of the reservoir 102. The shaft`117 is continuously driven by the engine through a spiral gear 119fixed on the shaft 108 vand engaging aI gear 120.fixed o n a horizontalshaft 1-21 which projects through Y the crank casel 80 and has at itsouter end a bevelgear 122 engaging a bevel gear 123 fixed on the shaft117.

The pipes 47, 58, 68 and 69, through which fuel is supplied to theburner 11 for the four stages of combustion, enter the reservoir 102 andcommunicate respectively with the discharge openings of the four gearpumps 111, 112, 113 and 114.. The inlet Openings of the four gear pumpscommunicate with a vertical passage I124 formed in the bodyy .Within thepassage 124 is a plunger 115. valve 125 which may be positioned toprevent the flow of fuel into the gear pumps 112,

113 and 114 but not the flow' of fuel into the gea-r pump 111. Theplunger 125 may be moved in the passage 124 by means of a rod 126 whichextends through zthe cover 118 andis connected at its upper ei'd to ahorizontal lever 127 to. which 'a control rod 128 is also connected. Thecontrol rod 128 may extend up to any desired part of the house heated bytheY system. It has at its upper end a handle 129 by means of which itmay be moved up or down. The handle 129 is urged by a spring 130 againstafixed rack 131 containing four notches 132, 133, 134, 135 sov `that thecontrol rod 128 may be given a step The blower 15 is driven bythe'engine 13 nd furnishes air to the burner 11 for the our stages ofcombustion. The rotor 140 of the blower is mounted on a shaft 141 whichextends into the crank case 80 of the engine, and is driven from themain shaft 81 through a gear 142 and a pinion 143 The discharge opening144 of the casing 145 of the blower 15 communicates with an air box 146.The pipe 46, which supplies air for the first stage of combustion 4 inthe burner 11, communicates with the air box 146 at the bottom thereof.The pipe 56, which supplies air for the second stage of combustion, andthe pipe "63, which supplies air for the third and fourth stages ofcombustion, communicate with the air box 146 at one end thereof. Adamper 147 at this end of the air box 146 provides means for closing theintake ends of the pipes 56 and 63. The damper 147 projects through aslot in the top of the air box 146 and is connected to the lever 127 sothat it may be operated by the control rod 128. The damper 147 istherefore operated simultaneously with the plunger valve 125. Thecontrolling mechanism is so arranged that when the handle 129 is placedin the notch.

132, the plunger valve 125 is positioned to admit fuel only to the pump111, and the damper 147 closes the intake openings of the pipes 56 and63, allowing air to pass from the box 146 only into the pipe 46. Whenthe handle 129 is brought into the second notch 133, the plunger valve125 is raised to uncover the inlet of pump 112, and at the, sam t'me,the damper 147 is raised suffi cientlys-to uncover the inlet end of thepipe 56, is is the position of therparts shown in Figs. 7 and 13. -Whenthe handle 129 is placed in the third notch 1 34, the plunger 125uncovers the inlet opening of the pump 113, while the damper 147uncovers approxi mately one-half of the inlet end of the pipe Y63. -Whenthe handle 129 'm placed in the' fourth notch 135, the plunger 4125 israised so as to uncover the inlets of all four of the the pips l56 and63, -it closes a :by-pass opening Y A 148 in the wall-of the. airbox`146, so that when the damper "is raised `to 'its highest position allthe air discharged by the blower passes into the burner 11. 'When thedam er 147 ismoved down to closethe pipe -63 a d the pipe: 56, it'progressively uncovers' the opening 148, so that the air forced throughtheblower 15 is substantially uniform in all positions of thedamper.

.'Since the engine 13 operatesat a uniform speed so as to maintain auniform pressure e inthe airbox 146, air is forced into the ipe 46 andthroughthe nozzle 44 at a uni orm rate. By properly positioning thedamper' 147, air may be forced iiito the pipe 56st a uniform rate,andfairmay be'forced into the pipe 63 ateither of two uniform rates;

The size and speedof vthe-gear pumps 111, 1'12, 113 and 114 is so`proportioned to the size and speed of theblower 15 and the size of theair passages and nozzles that, at each stage of combustion in'theburner, the rates at which fuel and air are supplied to the burner beara fixed ratio to each other. AThis ratio is sc ixed that theair-supplied to the burner at each stage of combustion is. only slightlyin excess ofthe amount theoretically necessary to support the.combustion ofthe fuel supplied tothe burner at that stage ofcombustion. The blower 15 serves as a governor and "maintains the engines eed approximately Y duit 156. The cooling action may be furtherincreased by formin external ribs on the portion of the conduit 82within the casing 155, and by placing a torpedo-shaped baille v157 inthis portion of the conduit sofas to 70 cause the surgin air to passthrough'this part of the conduit 82 ina thin stream adjacent tothe wallof .the conduit which is cooled by the air drawn into the blower. y Theuse of the system which has been 75 described is as follows :-The systemmay be placed in operation in the Fall, or whenever heat is'firstrequired, by placing some liquid fuel in the primary combustion space41, for example, by means of a swab inserted 80 through an. opening 160provided for this Lpurpose. The fuel on the swab is ignited.A andthehole 160 is then closed by a cover 161.. The/valve104 in the fuelsupply pipe 193 isthen openedythe control handle 129 A85 is placed. inthe lowest notch l132, and the v engine' 13 is turned over .by means of'a startingrcrank 162. This manual turning of the engine results inpumping fuel cinto the primary furnace 20 and in blowin 'air into 90this furnace,v lLlhe ,hot products o combustion from the primarycombustion space pass through the passage 49 and the pipe 50 to the Aheater 83. As soon as these gases have heated the heater 83 suicientlyto cause auto- A915 matic operation of the. engine 13, manual f turningof the crank 162 `is discontinued. The initial heating of the heater maybe facilitated byA inserting a plumbers torch UJ10II11-0Wing to the actthat the PQWel through anopening 164'of'the heater after 100 casing ofthe blower by means of a concons'umed in the blower is proportional tothe J cube of the speed of its rotor. If desired, however, the speed ofrthe engine may be maintained more fexactly uniform by means of anautomatic governor 150. This governor controls the supply of heat to theheater 83 of the engine is such manner as to maintainthe `speed of theengineand the air pressure in the air box 146 substantiallyconremovingtheplug by which .this open. inv is normally closed. l

he heat engine will then continue to operate and supply fuel and air to'the-prt mar combustion space 41, so that com- 105 bustion will continuein this space as\lon' as heat may be required, for example, a] f winter.The heat generated in the primary combustion space 41 is' suicient tooperate stant. The pressure in the @ir boxis applied the engine 13to'keep'a part of the wall of the 110.

sure in the air box falls below this amount; c

The eiiciency ofl the engifie 13 maybe increased by utilizing tlie-current of Vair drawn in by the blower` 15 to cool the air which surges-between the hot-and cold cylinders of the engine just before its entryinto the cold cylinder. For this purpose the parti of the conduit 82which is next to the cold cylinder 76 maybe enclosed by a casing15'5which is open at one end and connectpd at its' other end to the intakeopening of the "raise the secondary combustion s ace 3'() above-the`ignition temperature o the fuel, and to. furnish a little heat -to theboiler 10. The) amountof fuel' which -'must be consumed. 'to

furnish such heat is very small and may 111s amount to;not'more than-onepintan l'iour,

as the horse-power of the vengine 13 may be 4.

less than lt e Whenever more than a minimum amount of'heat is requiredin the house, the control 12o handle 129 is raised one notch at a timeto plunger va1ve`125 and the damper 147 so that fuel and air arevsupplied succes-.

tively tothe secondary combustion space'30 and the tertiary combustionspace 32 for the 125 second, third and fourth stages ofcombus'- tion.lThe fuel supplied for each successive stageof combustion is'immediatelywaporized and ignited by heat supplied from 'the previousstage of conibiisi'ficn.' Byrproperly) lie positioning thecontrol handle129, any desired amount of heat may be furnished to the house, from theminimum furnished by the combustion in the primary .space 41 to themaximum furnished by full capacity combustion in the primary, secondaryand tertiary spaces.

When no further heat is required, for eX- ample, in the Spring, the.valve 104 in 'the' fuel supply pipe 103 is closed, thus extinguishingthe lire in the burner 11 and, in-

consequence, stopping the engine 13.

It is often desirable, however, to operate the primary burner all summerin order that hot water may be suppliedvfrom the coil 98. This isbecause the cost of the fuel necessary to operate the primary burner andthus to produce heat enough to run the engine 13 and to heat the coil 98is less than the cost of the gas required by an ordinary gas-burning hotwater heater.

The system is absolutely safe, as at no time can excess fuel flow intothe fire pot.

the primary combustion space 41 is concerned, therefore, the system isinrinsicallyv automatic. It dispenses with the necessity of thecomplicated and often uncertain cutoft' devices whichhave heretoforebeen used in connection with domestic oil burners.

The system is economical. 'Owing to the proportioning of the rate offuel supplied to each combustion space, and to the restricted outlets ofthe combustion spaces, the

fuel supplied to each space is thoroughly vaporized and mixed with theair in the space to which it is supplied. Such mixing is facilitated bythe whirling of the fuel vapor and air in the spaces 30 and 32, causedby the tangential introduction of the air. Consequently, completesmokeless combustion may be obtained with the use 0f very little moreair than is theoretically required to support combustion of the fuel.The loss of heat caused by an excess supply of air in most oil burnersis, therefore, eliminated;

' The heat absorbed in the hot air engine is very sli ht and the gaseswhich are withdrawn through the pipe 89, so that all the heat So far asthe cutting off of the' fuel supply on the extinction of the flame inAom the primary furnace. to heat; the heater 83 are turned to the firebox remaining in them is utilized to heat the boiler 10. V l

The fact that no natural 'draft is used, coupled with the continuouscombustion in the primary combustion space, eliminates the wastageinvolved in the cooling of the boiler by natural draft Whichvtakes placein intermittently operated oil furnaces.

Thesystem makes it possible vto heat up the house rapidly wheneverrequired,' for example in the morning. Thisw is because the boiler isnot cooled by natural draft during the night, but, on the contrary, isalways kept warm by the h eat generated in the' primary combustion space41, and because the heat from this combustion space keeps a part of thewall 0f the secondary combustion space 30 so hot that immediateefficient andsmokeless combustion may be obtained in the secondarycombustion space Whenever the control lever 129 is raised to' the secondnotch; and soon after the second stage of combustion has been placed inoperation the third and fourth stages may be brought into operationasrequired.A

The heating system which has been de- /scribed is a practical embodimentof my invention. I Wish it clearly understood, however, that theinvention is by no means limited to the particular apparatus used inthis illustrative system. Thus, for example, the control rod 128 neednot be moved manually, but may be moved by any lmown form ofthermostatic controlling mechanism, or by. clockwork. The boiler 10 mayplaced by apparatus for hot air house heating. The invention is,however, not limited to a system for house heating, as it may be usedfor furnishing heat for any purpose.

While all the-parts of the systemwhich has been described cooperate inobtaining the advantages abovel described, it is apparent that undersome circumstances various features of the system maybe usedadvantageously independently of other parts ofthe system with which theyare combined in theA embodiment illustrated.

What is claimed is :f

1. The combination with a burner for sup- 4plying heat to heat-utilizingmeans, of a heat engine operable by a minor portion of the heatgenerated in full capacity operation of the burner, means for divertingfrom the heat-utilizing apparatusa portion of theA heat generatedin theburner suiiicient to operate the engine, a positive pump operated by theengine for supplying liquid fuel to the burner, and a blower operated bythe engine for forcing into the burner air suicient to supplortthecombustion of the fuel. A

2. e combination with a burner for supplying heat to heat-utilizingmeans, of a eat engine operable by a minor portion of the heat generatedin full capacity o eration of the burner, means fordverting m the.heat-utilizing means a portion ofthe'he'at generated inthe burnersuiiicient to o crate' the engine, and means operated by t e enisupplying heat-to heat-utilizing means, of a heat engine operable by aminor portion of the heat generated in full capa-city operation of theburner, means for divertin from the heat-utilizing means a portion o theheat generated in the burner and utilizing vsaid heat to operate theengine,'governing means for regulating the amount otheat so di'- vertedto maintain the speed of the engine constant, means operated by theengine for supplying liquid :tuel and air -to the burner, andcontrolling means simultaneously Avarying the rate of fuel supply andthe rate of air supply.

4. The combination of a burner comprising communicating primaryandsecondary combustion spaces, a heat engine operated heat generated inthe primary combus- `tlon space, means operated by" said engine forsupplying uel'lto-thewprimary combusing commumcating-prlmary andsecondary tion space, and means operable by said en- `ne for supplyingfuel to the secondary combustion space..

" 5. The combination of a burner compriscombustion spaces, a heatengine, means for conducting hot products of .combustion produced in theprimary combustion space to the heat engine vto operate the same, means`operatedby the engine for supplying fuel to the primary combustionspace, and means operable by the engine for supplying fuel` to thesecondary 'combustionl spacesv 6. The combination of a burner compris-ling a series of combustion spacescommunicating with each .other throughrestricted passages, meansfor suppl ing liquid fuel and air to each 'of'said com ustion spaces at proportioned rates, -a heat. engine drivlng'said supplying means, means for directing aportion of theV heatgenerated inthe first of said combustion spaces to the engine to operateit, and controlling means for cutting oil' the supply of fuel and air tothe other combustion spaces successively. o

7. The combination of a' burner comprising a series of combustion spacescommunicating though restricted passages, separate positive pumpsadapted to supply liquid fuel to said com ustion spaces respectivelyatpre determined rates, a heat' engine for driving said pumps, means fordirecting a portion of the heat enerated in the first of said series ofcom ustion spaces to the-'engine to operate it, and controlling meansfor succesat predetermined rates, a blower, air con-4 duits leading fromsaid blower to said'combustion spaces respectively, a heat engine fordrivmg said pumps and blower, means forA directing aportion of the heatgenerated in the first of said combustion spaces to the engine tooperate it, and' controlling means arranged to render successivelyinoperative the pumps supplying the other combustion spaces and,simultaneously to close the air conduits leading to said combustionspaces.'

"i 9.I The combination of aburner comprising a series of combustionspaces communieating through restricted passages, se arate positlvepumps adapted to supply 'quid uel to said combustion spacesrespectively, j i A means for driving said pumps at a constant rate, andcontrolling means for sucf cessively rendering inoperative the pumpvsupplyingY each of saidcombustionspaces ex-l cept the first one ofthe'series. '10. The combination lwith a supplying heatv toheat-utilizing means, of

the heat generated in f l. capacity ration ofthe burner, means fordivertingv om the `heat-utilizingA apparatus a portioncof the burner`for 1 a heat engine operable b a minor portion of y heat. generated in.the burnersucient to operate the engine, a pumpfp erated by the'enginefor supplying `liqul fuel to' the burner, and a b ower operatedbythe engine- `for orcin into the burner air sufficient to support 'tlirecombustion of the fuel.

'In testimony whereof I have hereunto set m hand.

y WniLIAMrBAn'roN E DnrsoN.

CERTIFICATE or connection.

Patent No'. 1, 681, 549. V A Granted october 16, im, to

WILLIAM BAnroN EDolsoN.

lt is hereby certified that error appenrs in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5,line 42, for the. word "is" read "in", and line 104, before the word"supply" insert the word "tof; page 6, line 40, for the misspelled word".'inrinsieally" read "intrinsically", ,and line 64, for the Word"turned" rend "returned"; `and that the .said'Letters Patent should beread with thesecorr'ections therein that the situe may conform to therecord of thelcase in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 11th day of Deoember,l A. D. 1928',

M. 'JI Moore, (Seal) Acting Cl'nsioner'of Patente.

